Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
type: channel
description: Journal Title: Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Initials: EKOBIS Frequency: March, June, September and December every year Online ISSN: 2614-123X Editor in Chief: ISKANDAR DOI:10.36975 Publisher: STIE RIAU
publisher: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Riau
language: en
publication name: Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
issn: 1410-7988
items: SINERGI DIGITAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELI MAHASISWA TERHADAP UMKM MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL, INFLUENCER, DAN MARKETPLACE
items: PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA ONLINE IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA PEKANBARU
items: TRANSFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT PADA KANTOR CAMAT TUAH MADANI
items: MENGOPTIMALKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI PERBANKAN SYARIAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN MOTIVASI KERJA KONTEMPORER
items: DAMPAK KOMPENSASI FINANSIAL DAN NON-FINANSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN INDUSTRI JASA KEUANGAN
items: PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP PENYEWAAN TENDA CAMPING PADA CV SHELTER ADVENTURE RIAU PEKANBARU
items: MEMBANGUN KEDISIPLINAN KERJA PEGAWAI DAERAH MELALUI PENGAWASAN KERJA EFEKTIF DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERNAL
items: MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN WORKSHOP MELALUI INTERVENSI PELATIHAN DAN STIMULUS KOMPENSASI
items: MENINGKATKAN KINERJA ADMINISTRASI KEARSIPAN MELALUI PENGUATAN FUNGSI PENGAWASAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
items: PEMBINAAN DAN PENGAWASAN SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR PENINGKATAN PRESTASI KERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR
items: STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PETUGAS KARHUTLA RIAU BERBASIS BUDAYA K3
items: Hubungan Kinerja Pustakawan dan Fasilitas Perpustakaan dengan Kepuasan Pelanggan di Perpustakaan Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Indragiri
items: Membangun Budaya Disiplin Berbasis Motivasi Di Lingkungan Kerja
items: Peningkatan Kinerja Pengelola Objek Wisata Berbasis Etos Kerja Dan Digitalisasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen
items: Peranan Budaya Organisasi Pada CV Nabhan Bertuah Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Pengawasan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. SPPR Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Daya Mitra Serasi Cabang Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah Di Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Media Jaya Indonesia Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Di UPT Puskesmas XY
items: Peran Store Atmosphere dan Ketersediaan Produk dalam Membangun Minat Beli Konsumen
items: Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sosial Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan PT. Bringin Karya Sejahtera Building Management Pekanbaru
items: Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Keuangan Pekanbaru
items: Dampak Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat: Sebuah Studi Pada Layanan Publik Pedesaan
items: Pengaruh Kenaikan PDRB Harga Konstan Dan Pengeluaran Perkapita Terhadap Persentase Penduduk Miskin Kota Pekanbaru
items: Peranan Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Dan Kepatuhan Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Waktu Sholat Pada Masyarakat Pedesaan
items: Strategi Pengembangan Ekonomi Digital Berkelanjutan di Pekanbaru: Integrasi Teknologi, UMKM, dan Inklusi Keuangan
items: Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat di Kantor Kecamatan
items: Meningkatkan Kepuasan Masyarakat Melalui Kualitas Pelayanan Di Kantor Kepala Desa “X”

SINERGI DIGITAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELI MAHASISWA TERHADAP UMKM MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL, INFLUENCER, DAN MARKETPLACE
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to analyze the influence of digital synergy through social media, influencers, and marketplaces on increasing student purchasing interest in MSME products. The development of digital technology has encouraged MSMEs to utilize various digital platforms as a marketing strategy to reach a wider audience, particularly among students. The research method used was a qualitative method with a purposive sampling approach. The online Google Form questionnaire was distributed to 48 active students at the Riau College of Economics (STIE Riau). Data were analyzed descriptively based on the percentage of respondents' responses to each research indicator. The results indicate that social media plays a significant role in helping students find and understand MSME product information. Furthermore, customer testimonials and review features on marketplaces can increase consumer trust in MSME products. Influencers have also been shown to influence student purchasing decisions, particularly through their credibility in promoting products. Marketplaces provide a positive contribution through promotions and discounts that can increase consumer purchasing interest. Overall, the digital synergy between social media, influencers, and marketplaces has proven effective in increasing student purchasing interest in MSME products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rina Sundari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 113
ending page: 118
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i2.598

PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA ONLINE IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA PEKANBARU
type: item
description: Abstract:This study aims to examine the influence of motivation and family environment on the online entrepreneurial interest of housewives in Pekanbaru City. The rapid development of the digital economy has created opportunities for housewives to engage in online businesses as an alternative source of household income. However, the level of entrepreneurial interest varies among individuals and is influenced by several factors, particularly motivation and family environment. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of housewives residing in Pekanbaru City who were interested in or actively engaged in online businesses. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique, involving 97 respondents. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. The results indicate that motivation has a positive and significant effect on online entrepreneurial interest, with a t-value of 7.717 and a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05). In contrast, the family environment does not have a significant effect on online entrepreneurial interest, as indicated by a t-value of -0.115 and a significance level of 0.909 (p > 0.05). Simultaneously, motivation and family environment have a significant effect on online entrepreneurial interest, as evidenced by an F-value of 51.796 and a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The Adjusted R² value of 0.514 indicates that 51.4% of the variance in online entrepreneurial interest can be explained by the two independent variables, while the remaining 48.6% is influenced by other factors not included in this study. Therefore, motivation is identified as the dominant factor influencing the online entrepreneurial interest of housewives in Pekanbaru City.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nurul Sukriani
creator: Febrina Dian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 102
ending page: 112
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i2.597

TRANSFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT PADA KANTOR CAMAT TUAH MADANI
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on public satisfaction at the Tuah Madani Sub-district Office, Pekanbaru City. The population in this study were all residents who received services at the Tuah Madani Sub-district Office with a sample of 96 respondents determined using the Accidental Sampling technique. The research method used was a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the majority of respondents gave a positive assessment of service quality and public satisfaction. In the service quality variable, 89% of respondents stated they agreed and strongly agreed, while in the public satisfaction variable, 86% of respondents stated they agreed and strongly agreed. Data analysis using simple linear regression produced the equation Y = 2.254 + 1.127X which indicated a positive relationship between service quality and public satisfaction. Based on the results of the t-test, the t-count value was 21.534, which was greater than the t-table of 1.660 with a significance level of 0.000, which was less than 0.05. This indicates that service quality has a positive and significant effect on public satisfaction at the Tuah Madani Sub-district Office, Pekanbaru City. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.831 or 83.1% shows that service quality is able to explain variations in public satisfaction by 83.1%, while the remaining 16.9% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nova Syafrina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 91
ending page: 101
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i2.595

MENGOPTIMALKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI PERBANKAN SYARIAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN MOTIVASI KERJA KONTEMPORER
type: item
description: Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work motivation on employee performance at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah Pekanbaru. To achieve this goal, a study was conducted using a sample of 37 people, using the census method. The data analysis method used simple linear regression. Based on the results of the partial t-test, it was found that work motivation had a significant effect on employee performance at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah Pekanbaru, this was proven based on the t-test, the calculated t was greater than the t-table (4.477> 2.035). The magnitude of the influence of the work motivation variable on the employee performance variable is 0.364 (36.4%). This is proven based on the results of the determination test where the R2 value is 0.364. The recommendation that can be submitted is expected that the relationship between superiors and subordinates can be strengthened again so that a harmonious relationship is established, because this received the lowest response from respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: yulia harwina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 79
ending page: 90
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i2.594

DAMPAK KOMPENSASI FINANSIAL DAN NON-FINANSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN INDUSTRI JASA KEUANGAN
type: item
description: Abstract : The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of compensation on employee performance at PT. Adira Dhinamika Multi Finance Branch 2 Pekanbaru. To achieve this aim, research was conducted using a sample of 46 people, using the census method. The data analysis method uses simple linear regression. Based on the partial t test results, it was found that compensation had a significant effect on employee performance at PT. Adira Dhinamika Multi Finance Branch 2 Pekanbaru, this was proven based on the t test, it was found that the t-count was greater than the t-table (2,887 > 2,015). The magnitude of the influence of the compensation variable on the employee performance variable is 0.359 (35.9%), this is proven based on the results of the determination test where an R2 value of 0.359 is obtained. It is hoped that the recommendations that can be put forward are for the company to provide allowances for positions because this received the lowest response from respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Eka Putra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 66
ending page: 78
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i2.593

PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN TERHADAP PENYEWAAN TENDA CAMPING PADA CV SHELTER ADVENTURE RIAU PEKANBARU
type: item
description: Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of marketing strategy on camping tent rentals at CV. Shelter Adventure Riau Pekanbaru. The population in this study was 873 consumers, and the research sample was 90 consumers. The research method used was descriptive with a quantitative approach. The average score for all statements regarding marketing strategy was 4.76, meaning respondents strongly agreed with statements about marketing strategy. Meanwhile, respondents' average score for statements about rentals was 4.39, meaning they strongly agreed. The data analysis used is simple linear regression with the regression results obtained, namely Y = 18.290 + 0.646X which has a positive relationship direction, namely if the marketing strategy variable increases, then the rental variable will increase. Based on the results of the t test, it was obtained that the t count value was 11.091> t table 1.98729 with a significance level of 0.000 <0.05. This means that the marketing strategy has a positive and significant effect on the marketing strategy for camping tent rentals at CV. Shelter Adventure Riau Pekanbaru. The R Square value of 0.583 or 58,3% means that the Training variable has an influence on camping tent rentals of 58,3%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Khornelis Dehotman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-07-09
publication date: 2026-07-09
starting page: 56
ending page: 65
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i2.592

MEMBANGUN KEDISIPLINAN KERJA PEGAWAI DAERAH MELALUI PENGAWASAN KERJA EFEKTIF DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERNAL
type: item
description: Abstract : The research was conducted by the Women's Empowerment and Family Planning Agency (BPMPKB) in Kuansing Regency, located in the Kuantan Singingi Regency Government Office Complex. The purpose of this study was to partially determine the effect of supervision and internal communication on the Women's Empowerment and Family Planning Agency (BPMPKB) in Kuansing Regency, and simultaneously to determine the effect of supervision and internal communication on the Women's Empowerment and Family Planning Agency (BPMPKB) in Kuansing Regency. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 32 employees using a census method. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Based on the results of the supervision variable, the calculated t-value was greater than the t-table (2.217 > 2.049). Therefore, it can be concluded that the supervision variable has a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline. The results of the internal communication variable showed a calculated t-value greater than the t-table (2.474 > 2.045). Thus, it can be concluded that internal communication has a positive and significant influence on employee work discipline. The results of the hypothesis test revealed that the most dominant factor influencing employee work discipline is internal communication. A recommendation is that the Kuansing Regency Women's Empowerment and Family Planning Agency (BPMPKB) should focus more on employee supervision, as respondents responded positively. If this is maintained, it will lead to a decrease in employee work discipline.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Eka Putra
creator: Herman Herman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: 46
ending page: 55
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i1.591

MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN WORKSHOP MELALUI INTERVENSI PELATIHAN DAN STIMULUS KOMPENSASI
type: item
description: Abstract : The research was conducted at PT Toyota Agung Automall Arengka Pekanbaru, located at Jl. Arengka No. 13, Pekanbaru, Riau. The purpose of this study was to determine the partial effect of education, training, and compensation on employee performance in the workshop department of PT Toyota Agung Automall Arengka Pekanbaru, and to simultaneously determine the effect of education, training, and compensation on employee performance in the workshop department of PT Toyota Agung Automall Arengka Pekanbaru. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 53 people using the census method. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression. Based on the test results for the education and training variables, the calculated t-value was greater than the t-table (4.520 > 2.008) and a sig. 0.000 < 0.05. The results of the compensation variable test obtained a calculated t-value > t-table (2.626 > 2.008) and a sig. 0.011 < 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that education, training, and compensation partially influence employee performance at PT Toyota Agung Automall Arengka Pekanbaru. The most dominant factors influencing employee performance are education and training. Recommendations include improving or at least maintaining education and training variables, which are measured using needs assessments. Ensuring that employees are motivated to master the content of education and training, creating a learning environment, ensuring that trained employees apply the content, selecting or selecting education and training methods, and evaluating education and training programs. Although the company sometimes does not fully involve employees in providing education and training, this is understood by employees.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Yogie Rahmat
creator: Putra Eka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: 38
ending page: 45
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i1.590

MENINGKATKAN KINERJA ADMINISTRASI KEARSIPAN MELALUI PENGUATAN FUNGSI PENGAWASAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
type: item
description: Abstract : This research was conducted at the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau, located at Jalan H.R. Soebrantas No. 155 KM. 15, Simpang Baru Panam, Pekanbaru, Riau. The purpose and benefits of this research are to determine the influence of supervision on employee performance in the Archives Department of the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau, in the future. The data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and interviews. The population in this study was all employees of the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau, Pekanbaru, which in 2014 totaled 35 employees. For this study, the entire population was sampled, so the sampling method was carried out using a census method. Data analysis used simple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 17 software. In addition, a partial test (t-test) was also conducted. The results of the study on the Effect of Supervision on Employee Performance in the Archives Department of the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau, show that the calculated t-value is greater than the t-table, at 6.693 > 2.034. This indicates that Occupational Safety and Health has a significant influence on improving employee performance in the Archives Department of the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Riau. The magnitude of the dependent variable's influence can be seen from the coefficient of determination (R-square) value, which is 0.576 or 57.6%. The remaining 42.4% is influenced by other independent variables not examined in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Iskandar “Is”
creator: Risman Risman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: 24
ending page: 37
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i1.589

PEMBINAAN DAN PENGAWASAN SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR PENINGKATAN PRESTASI KERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR
type: item
description: Abstract : The study was conducted at SDN 112, located in the Beringin Indah Complex, Marpoyan Damai District, Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of coaching and supervision on the work performance of SDN 112 Pekanbaru teachers. This study aimed to determine the effect of coaching on the work performance of SDN 112 Pekanbaru teachers and to determine the effect of supervision on the work performance of SDN 112 Pekanbaru teachers. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 33 people using a census method. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression. Based on the test results for the coaching variable using SPSS, the t-test was 2.393. Therefore, when compared to the t-table at a significance level of α = 5%, which is 2.042, it can be seen that the t-test is greater than the t-table (2.393 > 2.042). Therefore, it can be concluded that the coaching variable has a positive and significant influence on the work performance of SDN 112 Pekanbaru teachers. The test results for the supervision variable yielded a calculated t-value of 2.959, compared to the t-table value of 2.042. The calculated t-value is greater than the t-table value (2.959 > 2.042). Therefore, it can be concluded that the coaching variable partially exerts a strong influence on the work performance of teachers at SDN 112 Pekanbaru. The results of the hypothesis testing revealed that the two research variables mentioned above significantly influence the work performance of teachers at SDN 112 Pekanbaru. The most dominant factor influencing work performance is supervision. The recommendation is that SDN 112 Pekanbaru should further improve the supervision variable, represented by work measurements or standards, work assessments, comparisons between results, and corrections for deviations. This is because teachers feel the school must support and monitor their work.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Arhipen Yapentra
creator: syafrina Nova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: 9
ending page: 23
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i1.588

STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PETUGAS KARHUTLA RIAU BERBASIS BUDAYA K3
type: item
description: The Abstract : research was conducted by the Forestry Service, Forest and Land Fire Management Section of Riau Province, located on Jalan Sudirman, Pekanbaru, Riau. The purpose of this study was to examine the partial effect of occupational health on employee productivity, to determine the partial effect of occupational safety on employee productivity, and to determine the simultaneous effect of occupational health and safety on employee productivity. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 42 people using a census method. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression. Based on the test results for the occupational health variable, the calculated t-value was greater than the t-table (2.885 > 2.023). Thus, it can be concluded that the occupational health variable has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. Based on the test results for the occupational safety variable, the calculated t-value was greater than the t-table (2.443 > 2.023). Therefore, it can be concluded that the occupational safety variable has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it was found that both occupational health and safety variables significantly influence employee productivity. The most dominant factor influencing employee productivity is occupational health. A recommendation is that the Forestry Service's Forest and Land Fire Management Section further improve the occupational health variable, as indicated by the percentage of 46.19% who stated they somewhat agreed. Therefore, it can be concluded that respondents/employees perceive that the occupational health program implemented by the service for employees is not being implemented effectively. If this continues, it will reduce employee productivity. Keywords: Occupational Health, Occupational Safety, and Work Productivity
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aziz Abdul
creator: Iskandar “Is”
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2026-07-08
publication date: 2026-07-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v17i1.585

Hubungan Kinerja Pustakawan dan Fasilitas Perpustakaan dengan Kepuasan Pelanggan di Perpustakaan Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Indragiri
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to see the relationship between librarian performance and library facilities with customer satisfaction at the Indragiri Institute of Technology and Business library. This study uses a Cross-sectional Study survey design with a population of Indragiri Institute of Technology and Business students 2024-2025. The technique used in this study is saturated sampling or total sampling of 130 students. The data analysis technique used in this study is simple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that: (1) There is a relationship between librarian performance and customer satisfaction at the Indragiri Institute of Technology and Business library. of 0.721 with a significance value of 0.000 so that the calculated r value ≥ r table or 0.721 ≥ 0.172 can be said to be significant. Because r count ≥ r table then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted; (2) There is a relationship between library facilities and customer satisfaction of 0.535 with a significance value of 0.000, so that r count ≥ r table or 0.535 ≥ 0.172, it can be said to be significant. Because r count ≥ r table, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted; (3) There is a relationship between librarian performance and library facilities together with customer satisfaction at the Indragiri Institute of Technology and Business library of 0.769, so it can be concluded that librarian performance and library facilities together have a correlation with customer satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Aris Triyono
creator: Desi Amidasti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 383
ending page: 394
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.576

Membangun Budaya Disiplin Berbasis Motivasi Di Lingkungan Kerja
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation on employee work discipline. To achieve this goal, a study was conducted using a sample of 47 people, using a simple random method (accidental random sampling). The data analysis method used simple linear regression. Based on the results of testing motivation has a significant effect on employee work discipline at . Pekanbaru, this is proven based on the t-test found that t-count is greater than t-table (9.913 > 2.014). The value of R. Square (R2) of 0.686 (68.6%) explains that the motivation variable contributes to work discipline by 68.1%. While the remaining 31.4% describes other independent variables that were not observed in this study. Recommendations that can be submitted It is hoped that the company can pay attention to employees so that they quickly adjust to the work environment because this statement gets the lowest response from respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Defi Warman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 371
ending page: 382
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.574

Peningkatan Kinerja Pengelola Objek Wisata Berbasis Etos Kerja Dan Digitalisasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen
type: item
description: This research is motivated by the suboptimal work ethic in Riau tourist attractions. The study was conducted at tourist attractions in Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine, descriptively and verifiably, the influence of work ethic on the implementation of management information systems. The research method used was quantitative, with descriptive and verifiable methods. The sampling technique used was Proportional Cluster Random Sampling. The data analysis technique used was SPSS analysis. The descriptive results of the study indicate that work ethic influences the implementation of management information systems, ranging from fair to good. The results of the verifiable study indicate that work ethic makes a significant contribution to the implementation of management information systems among tourist attraction managers. The results of the verifiable study indicate that the implementation of management information systems makes a very significant contribution to the performance of tourist attraction managers in Riau Province.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Iskandar Iskandar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 359
ending page: 370
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.573

Peranan Budaya Organisasi Pada CV Nabhan Bertuah Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on the work discipline of CV Nabhan Bertuah employees. The sample in this study was 35 employees. Quantitative analysis includes validity and reliability tests, normality tests, hypothesis tests through t-tests and coefficient of determination (R2) analysis tests. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis, which serves to prove the research hypothesis. The results of the hypothesis test of this study are t count 4.121> t table 2.034 so that the results of the hypothesis test in this study are organizational culture has a significant effect on the work discipline of CV Nabhan Bertuah employees. The relationship between organizational culture and work discipline of CV Nabhan Bertuah employees is positive as evidenced by the results of the regression coefficient (b) of 0.747 which means that every increase in organizational culture by one unit will be able to increase the work discipline of CV Nabhan Bertuah employees by 0.747 units. The R Square value of 0.340 means that the contribution of organizational culture to the work discipline of CV Nabhan Bertuah employees is 34%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: lamin lamin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 268
ending page: 276
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.563

Pengaruh Pengawasan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. SPPR Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This research aims to determine the effect of supervision on employee work discipline carried out at PT. Suryakarsa Puspita Prima Pekanbaru. The sample taken in this research was 57 people. In analyzing data, this research uses descriptive and quantitative methods. This descriptive method aims to describe the relationship between actual reality and related theories. The results can be drawn to conclusions and tabulated in table form, then analyzed according to the research objectives. Meanwhile, quantitative methods are used to determine the relationship between the independent variable (X) and the dependent variable (Y) using statistical equipment using the simple linear regression method. This is proven by the simple regression equation Y = 5.551 + 0.678 From the determination test, it is known that (R2) is 0.451, which means that the supervision variable has an influence of 41.5% on employee work discipline at PT. Suryakarsa Puspita Prima Pekanbaru, the remaining 54.9% is influenced by variable factors that were not examined.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Innasyrulah Innasyrulah
creator: arhipen yapentra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-09-20
publication date: 2025-09-20
starting page: 191
ending page: 199
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i3.572

Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Daya Mitra Serasi Cabang Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This research was conducted at PT. Daya Mitra Serasi Pekanbaru Branch located at Jalan Soekarno-Hatta No. 46 Sidomulyo Barat, Tampan District, Pekanbaru City, Riau. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work discipline on employee performance at PT. Daya Mitra Serasi Pekanbaru Branch. The research method used was descriptive with a quantitative approach. With a population of 32 employees. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, namely the entire population represents the sample. The data analysis technique used was simple linear regression with a t-test hypothesis test. Based on the results of the t-test, the calculated t result was 7.006 > 2.042 with a significance of 5% (α = 0.05) or <0.005 so that the hypothesis Ha was accepted, namely work discipline had an effect on employee performance at PT. Daya Mitra Serasi Pekanbaru Branch. From the results of the simple linear regression test, there is a constant value (a) of 12.907, meaning that the work discipline variable (X) has a value of 0.702, then the dependent variable, namely performance (Y), has a value of 12.907, meaning that if the work discipline variable is increased by 1 unit, the performance variable (Y) will experience an increase of 0.702 units. From the results of the determination coefficient test, the R Square (R²) value is 0.621 if expressed as a percentage, namely 62.1%, meaning that work discipline (X) has a 62.1% effect on the performance (Y) of employees of PT. Daya Mitra Serasi Pekanbaru Branch, and 37.9% is influenced by other factors not included in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rina Sundari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 277
ending page: 286
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.571

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah Di Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This research was conducted at Bank Syariah Pekanbaru which is located at Jalan HR. Soebrantas, No. 105 Kel. Tuah Karya, Kec. Tampan, Pekanbaru City, Riau 28293. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at PT Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Pekanbaru. To achieve this goal, a research was conducted using a sample of 99 people, using a simple random sampling method (accidental random sampling). The data analysis method used simple linear regression. Based on the results of the partial t-test test, it was found that service quality had a significant effect on customer satisfaction at PT Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Pekanbaru, this was proven based on the t-test found that t-count was greater than t-table (12.645 > 1.985). The magnitude of the influence of the service quality variable on the customer satisfaction variable is 0.622 (62.2%) this is proven based on the results of the determination test where the R2 value is 0.622. Recommendations that can be submitted are expected that the company pays attention to the employees of PT Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Pekanbaru have expertise in using tools in the service process because this gets the lowest response from respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Fakhri Rizqi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 348
ending page: 358
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.570

Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Media Jaya Indonesia Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This study aimed to determine the effect of competence on employee performance at PT. Media Jaya Indonesia Pekanbaru. Competence was considered one of the crucial factors that influenced the quality and productivity of employee work. The research method used was quantitative descriptive with an associative approach. The population in this study consisted of all employees of PT. Media Jaya Indonesia Pekanbaru, totaling 44 individuals. Since the population was fewer than 100, the sampling technique used was a census, meaning all members of the population were taken as the research sample. The data analysis techniques included validity and reliability tests, simple linear regression analysis, t-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results showed that competence had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This was evidenced by the t-test result, where the t-count was 8.056, which was greater than the t-table value of 2.018, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. The regression equation obtained was Y = 15.566 + 0.846X, meaning that for every one-unit increase in competence, employee performance increased by 0.846 units. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.607, indicating that competence contributed 60.7% to employee performance, while the remaining 39.3% was influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: yulia harwina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 341
ending page: 347
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.569

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Di UPT Puskesmas XY
type: item
description: The study aims to determine the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction for outpatient care at the UPT Puskesmas XY. In this study, descriptive and quantitative analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling, with a sample of 100 people. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that simple linear regression discussion with the regression equation Y = 1.744 + 0.553X. The constant value of 1.744 means that if the independent variable X (Service Quality) is 0, then the dependent variable Y (Patient Satisfaction) is 1.744. The coefficient of regression value of variable X (Service Quality) is 0.553, meaning that if service quality increases by 1 unit, patient satisfaction will also increase by 0.553 units. The coefficient is positive, indicating a positive influence between service quality and patient satisfaction. The higher the service quality, the higher the patient satisfaction. The t-value for the independent variable Service Quality (X) is 14.520. The table can be seen in the statistical table at a significance level of 0.05/2 = 0.025 with degrees of freedom df = n - k or 100 - 2 = 98. The obtained t-table value is 1.98447 (t-table statistics). From these values, it can be concluded that t-value > t- table or 14.520 > 1.98447, which proves that Ha is accepted, and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant effect of service quality on outpatient patient satisfaction at the UPT Puskesmas XY. The R² value is 0.683 or 68.3%. This value means that service quality contributes to patient satisfaction by 68.3%, while the remaining 31.7% is determined by other variables not present in this research model.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Herman Rupat
creator: Reza Kurniawan Teuku
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 330
ending page: 340
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.568

Peran Store Atmosphere dan Ketersediaan Produk dalam Membangun Minat Beli Konsumen
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of store atmosphere and product availability on consumer purchasing intentions at Mandiri Mart Stores in Pekanbaru City. Store atmosphere has been proven to improve mood, perception of quality, and the urge for consumers to make purchases. This research employs a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The population in this study was 973 consumers who purchased household appliances at Mandiri Mart stores in 2025. A sample of 91 people was selected using a purposive sampling method.. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 25. The results from the analysis of multiple linear regression equation was formulated: Y= 13.307 + 0,293X1 + 0,544X2.. The results of the t test (partial test) obtained the value of t arithmetic for Store Atmosphere /X1 (3,388) and product availability/ X2 (5,591) greater than t table of 1,98698, then it has a significant effect on the purchase intention in the Mandiri Mart Pekanbaru. F Test Results (joint test), it is concluded that F count is 34.099> F table 3.10 so that simultaneously the variables of Store Atmosphere and product availability have a significant effect on on the purchase intention in Mandiri Mart Pekanbaru.. There are contribution the influence of Store Atmosphere and product availability on the purchase intention in the Mandiri Mart Pekanbaru of Obtained value of Adjusted R Square equal to 0,424 or 42,4% and 57,6 % influenced by the other factors that are not pursuing in this research. So this research to strengthen previous studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Putra Budi Ansori
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 320
ending page: 329
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.567

Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sosial Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline on employee performance at the Social Service Office of Pekanbaru City. Work discipline is one of the key factors in developing high-quality human resources, especially in government institutions that are required to provide optimal services to the public. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to the entire population of 34 employees. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression to examine the relationship between work discipline as the independent variable (X) and employee performance as the dependent variable (Y). The results of the simple linear regression equation show a constant (a) of 9.852, meaning that when work discipline (X) is zero or absent, employee performance (Y) is still at 9.852 units. The effect of work discipline (X) on employee performance (Y) is positive, as evidenced by the regression coefficient (b) of 0.717, which means that every one-unit increase in work discipline (X) will increase the employee performance (Y) at the Social Service Office of Pekanbaru by 0.717 units. Based on the t-test results, the calculated t-value is 4.791, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.036, and the significance level is 0.000 < 0.05. This indicates that there is a significant effect of work discipline on employee performance at the Social Service Office of Pekanbaru. The R Square value is 0.418, which means that the contribution of work discipline to employee performance is 41.8%. The remaining 58.2% is influenced by other variables not discussed in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Khornelis Dehotman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 310
ending page: 319
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.566

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan PT. Bringin Karya Sejahtera Building Management Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This research was conducted at PT. Bringin Karya Sejahtera BuildingManagement Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect ofleadership on employee work discipline. The population in this study was 50 people.In this study, a saturated sample of 48 people was used because reseachers andleader were not included in the sample, The dlata used were primary and secondary data with analysis using simple linear regression. The results showed that the datawas valid, reliable, and normally distributed. And the results of the linear regressionwere Y=11.775+0.557X which had a positive relationship direction, and theleadership variable had a significant effect on work discipline, this can be seen fromthe t_count valuetable (6.242> 2.0129). Meanwhile, the magnitude of theleadership on work discipline is 45.9% while the remaining 54.1% is influenced byother independent variables not examined in this study, such as the workenvironment and supervision.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nova Syafrina
creator: Warman Aditya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 295
ending page: 309
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.565

Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Keuangan Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This research was conducted at the Vocational School of Finance in Pekanbaru, located on Jl. Gulama, Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of workload on teacher performance at the Vocational School of Finance in Pekanbaru. Data analysis in this study used a quantitative method, namely research based on quantifiable data to produce robust estimates. The sample size was 86 people. The results of a simple linear regression were obtained: Y = 15.631 + 639 X. Using the t-test, the t-table value was 1.988 and the calculated t-value was 15.631. This means that t-count = 15.531 > t-table = 1.988, indicating that workload affects teacher performance at the Vocational School of Finance in Pekanbaru. The adjusted R-squared result of 0.530 indicates that workload influences teacher performance at Pekanbaru Financial Vocational School by 53%, with the remaining 47% influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nurhayana Nurhayana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 287
ending page: 294
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.564

Dampak Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat: Sebuah Studi Pada Layanan Publik Pedesaan
type: item
description: This applied research study, conducted using a survey method, aimed to analyze the impact of service quality on community satisfaction within the context of rural public services. A total of 88 respondents participated in the study, which was carried out at a village office. The collected data were analyzed using a t-test and coefficient of determination analysis. The t-test results confirm that service quality has a significant and positive effect on community satisfaction (t-statistic = 11.128 > t-table = 1.988, with a significance level of p < 0.05). Furthermore, subsequent analysis revealed a strong relationship between the two variables, indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.768. More specifically, service quality was found to contribute 59.0% (R Square = 0.590) to the variation in community satisfaction levels. This study concludes that in the rural public service context, service quality is a dominant determining factor in shaping community satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Ali Aqsa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 259
ending page: 267
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.562

Pengaruh Kenaikan PDRB Harga Konstan Dan Pengeluaran Perkapita Terhadap Persentase Penduduk Miskin Kota Pekanbaru
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the increase in GRDP and per capita expenditure on the poverty percentage in Pekanbaru City. The data source obtained is primary data. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, the tool used is SPSS 25. The results of the study indicate that GRDP and per capita expenditure have a significant effect on the poverty percentage in Pekanbaru City. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.987 means that 98.7% of the variation in changes in the percentage of the poor population can be explained by two independent variables in the model, namely: GRDP and per capita expenditure. In other words, almost all variations in the rise and fall of the poverty rate in Pekanbaru City can be explained by the regression model used. The remaining 1.3% is explained by other factors outside the model, such as education level, population, inflation and employment opportunities
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Herman Herman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 250
ending page: 258
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.561

Peranan Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Dan Kepatuhan Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Waktu Sholat Pada Masyarakat Pedesaan
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the role of belief in God Almighty and social obedience in improving prayer time discipline in rural communities. Discipline in prayer time reflects faith and social awareness of religious values ​​prevalent in the community. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews and observations of rural communities with an Islamic religious background. The results show that a strong belief in God Almighty encourages individuals to be more consistent and punctual in performing prayers. Furthermore, social norms and pressures in rural communities play a significant role in shaping collective adherence to prayer times. The combination of spiritual awareness and social obedience creates religious harmony that strengthens the community's discipline in carrying out religious obligations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Risman Risman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 244
ending page: 249
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i4.560

Strategi Pengembangan Ekonomi Digital Berkelanjutan di Pekanbaru: Integrasi Teknologi, UMKM, dan Inklusi Keuangan
type: item
description: The transformation of the digital economy has become a driving force for regional economic growth in Indonesia, including in Pekanbaru, the economic center of Riau Province. This study aims to explain, analyze, and develop a strategic model for sustainable digital economic development based on technology integration, MSME empowerment, and financial inclusion. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys of 250 MSMEs with in-depth interviews involving 15 key informants from local government, financial institutions, and business associations. Quantitative data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings show that digital technology integration has a significant positive effect on business efficiency, market expansion, and MSME adaptability. Financial inclusion particularly digital financing access and financial literacy acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between technological adoption and sustainable digital economy development. Additionally, local government policy support and public-private partnerships enhance the inclusivity of the digital economy ecosystem. The conceptual model developed illustrates the synergistic relationship between technology, MSME capacity, and financial inclusion in achieving digital economic sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mulyadi Maswir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-09-20
publication date: 2025-09-20
starting page: 235
ending page: 243
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i3.559

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat di Kantor Kecamatan
type: item
description: This research will be conducted at the Pangkalan Kerinci Sub-District Office, Pelalawan Regency and the observation time is in early September 2024. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of service quality on public satisfaction at the Pangkalan Kerinci Sub-District Office, Pelalawan Regency. The sample in this study was 95 people who had been simplified using the Slovin formula. In this study, the sample method used the accidental sampling technique. Data analysis in this study used descriptive and quantitative methods. Based on the results of the research analysis, it was found that Service Quality had a significant effect on public satisfaction at the Pangkalan Kerinci Sub-District Office, Pelalawan Regency where t count = 13.179> t table = 1.98552. The results of simple linear regression obtained the regression equation Y = 4.200 + 0.772X, this means that the results of the study are the same as the research hypothesis. The R2 value is 0.814, which means that the influence of Service Quality has a significant effect on public satisfaction at the Pangkalan Kerinci District Office, Pelalawan Regency, is 66,1% while 33.9% is influenced by other variables not studied in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ayu Arisanti Nabila
creator: Dinda Gentawicara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-09-20
publication date: 2025-09-20
starting page: 227
ending page: 234
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i3.558

Meningkatkan Kepuasan Masyarakat Melalui Kualitas Pelayanan Di Kantor Kepala Desa “X”
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on public satisfaction at the Village Head Office "X". The method used in this study is descriptive and quantitative, with a simple random sampling technique of 81 respondents. The results of the simple linear regression analysis show the regression equation Y = 13.703 + 0.741X. The constant of 13.703 indicates that if the service quality (X) is zero, public satisfaction (Y) remains at 13.703. The regression coefficient of 0.741 indicates that every one unit increase in service quality will increase public satisfaction by 0.741 units, which indicates a positive influence between the two variables. The t-test results obtained tcount = 9.184, greater than ttable = 1.99045 (α = 0.05; df = 79), so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that service quality has a significant effect on public satisfaction. The correlation value of R = 0.738 indicates a strong relationship, while the R² value of 0.645 indicates that service quality contributes 64.5% to public satisfaction, while the remaining 35.5% is influenced by factors outside this research model. This study concludes that improving service quality can significantly increase public satisfaction at the Village Head's Office "X".
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mustika Aai
creator: Yogie Rahmat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eko dan Bisnis: Riau Economic and Business Review
date: 2025-09-20
publication date: 2025-09-20
starting page: 217
ending page: 226
doi: 10.36975/ekobis.v16i3.557